android architecture

Android has a layered architecture that is designed to provide flexibility, security, and performance. Here is an overview of the main components of the Android architecture:

  1. Linux kernel: Android is built on top of the Linux kernel, which provides the core system services such as process management, memory management, and network stack.

  2. Libraries: Android includes a set of C/C++ libraries, such as libc and SQLite, that are used by the system and third-party applications.

  3. Android Runtime: Android includes a custom runtime environment called ART (Android Runtime) that is designed to improve performance and reduce memory usage compared to the previous Dalvik runtime.

  4. Application Framework: The Application Framework provides a set of high-level APIs that developers can use to build Android applications. It includes components such as Activities, Services, Broadcast Receivers, and Content Providers.

  5. Applications: Android applications are built on top of the Application Framework and can be installed and run on Android devices. There are millions of applications available on the Google Play Store.

  6. System Apps: Android includes a set of pre-installed system applications, such as Phone, Contacts, and Settings, that provide basic functionality for the device.

  7. Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL): The HAL provides a standardized interface between the Android framework and device drivers, allowing manufacturers to easily develop and integrate new hardware into Android devices.