JavaFX is a framework for building rich, cross-platform graphical user interfaces in Java. It provides a set of graphics and media packages that allow developers to create modern and responsive user interfaces with rich multimedia and animation capabilities.

JavaFX was introduced in 2008 as a replacement for the aging Swing toolkit, which was the standard UI toolkit for Java for many years. JavaFX provides a more modern and flexible platform for building user interfaces, with support for hardware-accelerated graphics, rich multimedia, and advanced layout and styling capabilities.

JavaFX includes a set of UI controls such as buttons, labels, text fields, and more, as well as a powerful layout system that allows developers to create responsive and adaptive user interfaces that can adapt to different screen sizes and resolutions.

JavaFX also provides support for multimedia and animation, such as playing audio and video files, creating animations, and using 3D graphics. It includes a set of media and animation packages that make it easy to add these features to your applications.

JavaFX is designed to be highly portable and can run on a wide range of platforms, including Windows, macOS, Linux, and mobile devices. It also provides support for web deployment and can be used to build rich, interactive web applications using the JavaFX WebView component.

Overall, JavaFX provides a powerful and flexible platform for building modern and responsive user interfaces in Java, and it is widely used in enterprise, desktop, and mobile application development.